Web Links:
Thematic Holocaust Links

•  Pyramid of Hate Exercise, USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Antisemitism, USHMM

•  Antisemitism in History, USHMM

         - From the Early Church to 1400

         - The Early Modern Era, 1300-1800

         - The Era of Nationalism, 1800-1918

         - Racial Antisemitism, 1875-1945

         - World War I

•  Antisemitism: A Historical Survey, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  A Chronology of Antisemitism, timeline, The Holocaust Explained

•  The Theological Roots of Antisemitism: A Christian View by Paul M. Van Buren
         Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  The History of Antisemitism, Southern Institute for Education and Research

•  Classical and Christian Antisemitism, A Guide for Pennsylvania Teachers

•  The Holocaust Chronicle: Roots of the Holocaust

•  Why the Jews", an Exploration of Antisemitism,  Aish HaTorah

•  The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, USHMM

•  A Hoax of Hate - The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, ADL

•  The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Video:  "Protocols of the Elders of Zion & Current Antisemitism" (1 hr. 32 min.) 

 

 

Jewish Life Before the War

•  PDF of ID Cards used at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

•  Jewish Life in Europe Before the Holocaust, USHMM

•  Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country, USHMM

•  Jews in Pre-War Germany, USHMM

•  Video: Berlin - Symphony of a Great City (1:01:53), YouTube,
       Documentary following a day in the life of the city of Berlin, 1927.
       A train pulls into the station before dawn and we watch the city come to life.

•  People of a Thousand Towns: The Online Catalog of Photographs of Jewish Life in
       Prewar Eastern Europe, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

•  And I Still See Their Faces - Images of Polish Jews, Simon Wiesenthal Center

•  Beyond the Pale - The History of Jews in Russia

•  Arthur and Rochelle Belfer Exemplary Lesson: Pre-World War II European Jewish Life Photo          Project, USHMM

•  Videos: Pre-War Jewish Life, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM 

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe Life in Nazi Germany in the 1930s (3:43),
         Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

The Victims

•  The Victims, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Mosaic of Victims, USHMM

•  Brochures on Non-Jewish Victims of the Nazi Era (includes PDF to download), USHMM

        - Jehovah's Witnesses

        - Poles

        - Homosexuals

        - Handicapped

        - Sinti & Roma (gypsies)

Children

•  The Children, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Children Under the Swastika, The Wiener Library

•  Video: "The Holocaust through the Eyes of Child Survivors" (17 min.), Video Segments for
          the Classroom, USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Child Survivors of the Holocaust, BBC

Jehovah's Witnesses

•  The Nazi Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Nazi Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, Arnold-Liebster Foundation

•  Declaration Denouncing Beliefs - statement imprisoned Jehovah's Witnesses were given to
          sign,USHMM

•  Video: "Facing Persecution as a Jehovah's Witness" (31 min.), Video Segments for the
         Classroom, USC Shoah Foundation Institute

Homosexuals

•  Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Homosexuals and the Holocaust, Ben S. Austin, Sociology, Middle Tennessee State University

•  Survivor Testimony: Rudolf Brazda, Last of the Pink Triangles, Tells His Story (11:20)
          YouTube

Blacks

•  African Americans & the Holocaust, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Blacks During the Holocaust, USHMM

Poles

•  The Pitel Family, one Polish family's experience told through a family photo, Yad           Vashem

Handicapped

•  Nazi Persecution of the Disabled: Murder of the "Unfit", a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

Freemasons

•  Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime, USHMM

 

 

 

The Perpetrators

•  The Perpetrators, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Perpetrators, Jewish Virtual Library

•  The Perpetrators by Henry Friedlander, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  Video:  "Auschwitz through the Lens of the SS - Photos of Nazi Leadership at the Camps,"           USHMM

•  Video: "Hitler's Children," a Dialogue between Children of Perpetrators of the Holocaust and
         Children of Survivors

The Stanley Milgram Experiment

•  The Stanley Milgram Experiment & Obedience

•  "The Perils of Obedience" by Stanley Milgram, Harper's Magazine 1974

•  Video: How Violent Are You? - Milgram Experiment, Part I (8:36), YouTube
          What makes ordinary people commit acts of violence?  This is a re-creation of the original
          Milgram Experiment.

•  Video: How Violent Are You? - Milgram Experiment, Part 2 (6:52), YouTube
          What makes ordinary people commit acts of violence?  This is a re-creation of the original
          Milgram Experiment.

•  Milgram's Experiment on Obedience to Authority, SMS Marketing Services

 

 

 

The Bystanders

•  The Bystanders, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  "The Perils of Indifference," a speech by Elie Wiesel, April 1999, The White House,
    The History Place/Great Speeches Collection

•  German Churches and the Nazi State, USHMM

•  The Role of Churches: Compliance and Confrontation, ADL

•  Pope Pius XII, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Bystanders, Yad Vashem

 

 

Adolf Hitler

•  Hitler's Family Tree, about.com

•  Adolf Hitler: the Discovery of Antisemitism in Vienna, h-net.org

•  The Rise of Adolf Hitler: from Unknown to Dictator of Germany, The History Place

•  Hitler: Background, casahistoria

•  Hitler: Ideas, casahistoria

•  Mein Kampf, Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  Excerpts from Mein Kampf, Hanover College

 

 

The Nazi Rise to Power

•  German History, Raffael Scheck, History Department, Colby College

          Introduction

          The Second Empire until 1914

          The First World War, 1914-1918

          The Weimar Republic

          The Third Reich         

•  Animated Map:  History of Europe between the Two World Wars, 1918-1942, The Map as          History

•  From Persecution to Genocide, BBC

The Weimar Republic

•  Weimar Germany 1919-1933, History Home UK

•  The Weimar Republic, Yad Vashem

•  Online Module:  The Weimar Republic - The Fragility of Democracy,
       Facing History & Ourselves

The Beer Hall Putsch

•  The Beer Hall Putsch (November 8, 1923), Jewish Virtual Library

•  Video: Weimar, BBC GCSE Bitesize, an video activity

Weimar Republic Economics

•  Economics, casahistoria

•  Collapse: 1929-1933, casahistoria

Weimar Republic Politics

•  Political Parties of Weimar Germany, Facing History & Ourselves

•  Weimar Political Parties & Election Results, Wikipedia

•  Reichstag Elections 1933, Spartacus Educatonal (UK)

•  The Weimar Republic (1918-1933): Political History/Political Parties/Politicians,
       The Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate

•  How a Democracy Elected Hitler to Power

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party

•  Adolf Hitler and World War I: 1913-1919, USHMM

•  Political Parties in the Reichstag (1920-1933), Jewish Virtual Library

•  The Rise of the Nazi Party, Yad Vashem

•  The Nazi Party (NSDAP), Jewish Virtual Library

•  The Nazi Party (NSDAP), Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  Principal Officials of the Nazi Party, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Who Was Who in Nazi Germany, Harvard Law School Library, Nuremberg Trials Project

•  The Rise of Hitler: an Interactive Lesson, schoolhistory.co.uk

•  Videos: Hitler Speaking, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Arthur and Rochelle Belfer Exemplary Lesson: Learning from the Early Stages of the Holocaust,
         USHMM

•  The SS and Police by Henry Friedlander, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  Video: Nazis, BBC GCSE Bitesize, an video activity

The Nazis Take Power

•  Nazi Rule, USHMM

•  The Nazi State: Leadership, Party & Government, casahistoria

•  Hitler Comes to Power,USHMM

•  Nazi Terror Begins: 1933, USHMM

•  The Reichstag Fire, USHMM

•  The Reichstag Fire: Historical Film Footage, USHMM

•  The "Legal Dictatorship," Yad Vashem

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1933 - The Nazi State Begins

          1934 - Triumph of the Will

          1935 - Steps Toward Destruction

          1936 - The Nazis' Games

          1937 - Quiet Before the Storm

•  Video: Road to World War II, BBC GCSE Bitesize, an video activity

The Night of Long Knives, June 1934

•  Röhm Purge, USHMM

•  Video: The Assassination of Ernst Röhm (Night of the Long Knives), (2:12), YouTube

Hindenburg Dies, August 1934

•  Germany, Establishment of the Nazi Dictatorship, USHMM

•  Video: 1934 Hindenburg Laid to Rest at Tennenberg, (2:16), YouTube

Hitler's Germany

•  Video: Hitler's Germany - BBC History File, (18:46), BBC

•  Video: Life in Hitler's Germany, Part I, (10:44), SchoolHIstory.co.uk

•  Video: Life in Hitler's Germany, Part II, (12:28), SchoolHistory.co.uk

 

 

Life in Nazi Germany

Antisemitism / Anti-Jewish Legislation

•  Videos: Antisemitism, Steven Spielberg Film & Video Archive, USHMM

•  Anti-Jewish Decrees: A Timeline, British Library

•  Nazi Antisemitism 1933-1939, timeline, The Holocaust Explained

•  Bayerischer Platz: Remembering the Schöneberg District of Berlin

          - Remembrance in Schöneberg by Caroline Wiedmer

          - Bavarian Quarter Memorial: 1933-1938, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

          - An Art in Public Space Project, University of Minnesota Center for Holocaust
                   and Genocide Studies

•  Early Boycott, Racial Legislation and Book Burnings, Yad Vashem

•  The Boycott of Jewish Businesses, USHMM

•  German Business and the Third Reich, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Neumann & Mendel: Mirror of the Time, the fate of a successful German-Jewish textile factory,
            The Wiener Library

•  The Nuremberg Race Laws, USHMM

•  Nuremberg Laws, Jewish Virtual Library

Hyperinflation

•  The German Hyperinflation, 1923, Excerpt from Paper Money by "Adam Smith,"
                  (George J.W. Goodman), pp.57-62.

•  The German Hyperinflation of 1923, a Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Retrospective,
                  Missouri Western State University

•  Hyperinflation 1923, German Notes

•  Hyperinflation-Germany 1923, YouTube (5:14)
                  NOTE:  Although an effective teaching tool, this video has grammatical errors.

•  A Look at German Inflation 1914-1924, A "National Coin Week" exhibit by Joel Anderson

•  Hyperinflation, John D. Clare, educator

•  German Railroad Notes of the 1923 Hyperinflation, John E. Sandrock

Persecution
•  Persecution, casahistoria     

•  SS Police State, USHMM

•  The Terror Regime, Yad Vashem

•  Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: 1933-1939, Birkbeck University of London

Social Issues

•  Social Policy, casahistoria

•  Christianity in Nazi Germany, Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  Women in Nazi Germany, Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  Education in Nazi Germany, Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  Propaganda, Culture and Education in the Third Reich, Yad Vashem

•  Strength Through Joy, Spartacus Educational (UK)

Videos

•  Video: Nuremberg Rally, September 1937,  USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Life Before the Holocaust, British Library

•  Video: Herbert Lewin (Germany)- The Best Stories of My Life (10:24), Centropa
            Herbert Lewin tells us about his childhood in East Prussian, his life in Israel
            and his return to Europe after the war.

•  Video: Rosa Rosenstein (Germany)- Living with History (7:11), Centropa
            The story of Berlin-born Jewish woman who lived through the turbulent times of the
             20th century in Germany, Hungary, and finally, Austria.

 

 

Nazi Racial Ideology

•  What is Race? Is Race for Real? an interactive website, PBS

•  Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Nazi Ideology and the Holocaust, a USHMM publication:

        - Cover (pdf)

        - Part I (pdf)

        - Part II (pdf)

•  Nazi Racism, USHMM

•  The Nazi Racial State, BBC

•  The Lebensborn Program, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Video: "The Uniqueness of Nazi Antisemitism" (2:17), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Videos: Racial Science, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM 

 

 

The Eugenics Movement

•  The Murder of the Handicapped, USHMM

•  The Euthanasia (T-4) Program, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Cardinal Clemons von Galen, "Against Nazi Euthanasia," The History Place/Great Speeches
   Collection

•  The American Eugenics Movement

 

 

Nazi Propaganda

•  German Propaganda Archive, Calvin College

•  Propaganda, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

              Propaganda Timeline, 1918-1932

              Propaganda Themes

•  Propaganda, casahistoria

•  Nazi Propaganda Exhibit, History Whiz

•  Propaganda: Virtual Lesson, learntoquestion.com

Youth

•  Disney Short Cartoon, 1934: Der Fuehrer's Face (7:54), U.S. anti-Nazi war propaganda

•  Disney Short Cartoon, 1934:  Education for Death (10:08), U.S. anti-Nazi war propaganda

•  Hitler Youth, The History Place

•  Indoctrinating Youth, USHMM

•  Video: BBC / Inside the World's Oldest Holocaust Museum (3:23), includes footage of the

         children's board game "Jews Out" and how it is played

Film

•  The Eternal Jew, a Nazi propaganda film, essay by Stig HornshØj-MØller,
           The Holocaust History Project

•  Third Reich Videos, includes Triumph of the Will, The Fuehrer Gives the Jews a City,
           Jud Suss and The Eternal Jew

Stamps

•  Nazi Postage Stamps, German Propaganda Archive, Calvin College

Olympics

•  The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

 

 

 

 

Violations of Versailles

German Expansion

•  German Pre-War Expansion, USHMM

•  Map: German Territorial Expansion, 1935-39, German History in Documents & Images

Invasion of the Rhineland, March 1936

•  Nazis March Into the Rhineland, The History Place

Invasion of Austria, March 1938

•  Nazis Take Austria, The History Place

•  Anschluss, USHMM

•  Austria, USHMM

•  Vienna, USHMM

•  Austria and Nazism: Owning Up to the Past, BBC

•  Videos: The Anschluss, Steven Spielberg Film & Video Archive, USHMM

•  Video: The Ones I Lost (5:04), Centropa
            Jewish families from Vienna remember loved ones murdered in the Holocaust.

•  Video: Lilli Tauber (Austria) - A Suitcase Full of Memories, Austria (30:00), Centropa
            A kindertransport to England. A ghetto in Poland. And a suitcase found in 1945 that
            tells a heartbreaking story.

•  Video: Max Uri (Austria) - Looking for Frieda, Finding Frieda (3:00), Centropa
            The story of Vienna-born Max Uri, who fell in love with Frieda Haber, but had to leave
             Austria in 1939.

•  Video: Kurt Brodmann (Austria) - The Story of the Brodmann Family (6:01), Centropa
             Kurt Brodmann tells how his father, Leopold, an actor, fell in love with Franzi
             Goldstaub, and about their life in emigration.

•  Video: Kitty & Otto Suschny (Austria) - Only a Couple of Streets Away from Each Other
             (12:00), Centropa
             After growing up in Vienna, both Kitty and Otto Suschny fled to Austria in 1939.
             After the war, they returned to Vienna, where they met each other.

Invasion of the Sudetenland / The Munich Agreement, September 1938

•  The Sudetenland, Spartacus Educational

•  Video: Sudetenland Ceded to Germany (:45), USHMM

•  Primary Document: The Munich Pact, The Avalon Project/Yale Law School

•  Video:  Munich Agreement Conference (1:29), USHMM / Steven Spielberg Archive

Invasion of Czechoslovakia, March 1939

•  Nazis Take Czechoslovakia, The History Place

•  Czechoslovakia, USHMM

•  The 70th Anniversary of the Nazi Invasion of Czechoslovakia, Centropa

•  Video: Dagmar Lieblova (Czech Republic) - From Bohemia to Belsen...and Back Again (14:00),
           Centropa,
           From a quiet, middle-class childhood in a small Bohemian town, to the hell of
           Bergen Belsen and back again.

•  Video: Jindrich Lion (Czech Republic) - My Escape from Prague (14.51), Centropa
           The story of a budding journalist escaping from his own country - not once, but twice.

•  Video: Peter Ginz and the Boys of Vedem (19:22), Centropa
           Traces life of Peter Ginz beginning with invasion of Czechoslovakia, his transport
           and life in Theresienstadt, and ultimate death at Auschwitz.

 

 

Kristallnacht

•  Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogrom, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Kristallnacht, Jewish Virtual Library

         Heydrich's Instructions for Kristallnacht, Jewish Virtual Library

         Discussions by the Authorities Following Kristallnacht, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Kristallnacht, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  Online Exhibition: It Came from Within: 70 Years Since Kristallnacht, Yad Vashem

•  Kristallnacht, The Center for Online Judaic Studies

•  Kristallnacht - German Program of 1939 (includes YouTube Video, 5:22, as well as
         listings and images of many synagogues in Austria and Germany that were
         destroyed), Ashkenaz House

•  Kristallnacht, Ben S. Austin, Sociology, Middle Tennessee State University

•  Kristallnacht, PBS American Experience

•  Re-Examining the Tipping Point: 70 Years Since the Kristallnacht Pogrom, Yad Vashem

•  Destruction of Synagogues on Kristallnacht, Map and Information, A Teacher's Guide to
          The Holocaust

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1938 - The End of Illusions

•  A Kristallnacht Ceremony for Middle School (1/2 hour): "Shattered & Broken", Yad Vashem

•  Kristallnacht, A Lesson Plan by Nick Holton, Milken Community High School, Los Angeles,
          Centropa

•  Survivor Testimonies:  Survivors Remember Kristallnacht, USHMM

•  Survivor Interview:  Miriam Ron, Witness to Kristallnacht, Yad Vashem

•  Survivor Testimonies: Kristallnacht - Remembering the 70th Anniversary, Centropa

•  Survivor Testimonies: Remembering Kristallnacht, USC Shoah Foundation Institute

 

 

Emigration

•  Obstacles to Immigration, USHMM

•  Documentation Required for Emigration from Germany, USHMM

•  Documentation Required for Immigration Visas to Enter the U.S., USHMM

•  Flight and Rescue, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Everyday Objects/Enduring Legacies: Steamer Trunks, USHMM,
       Desperate to escape Germany following Kristallnacht, the Berg Family packs their
       possessions.

•  Immigration & Refugee Policy During WWII, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Emigration, Nazi Policies and Jewish Initiatives, Yad Vashem

•  Jewish Refugees from the German Reich, USHMM

•  The Rescue of Marc Chagall, The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies

•  Chart: Jewish Emigration from Nazi Territories 1933-1941, Yad Vashem

•  Chart: Jewish Emigration from Germany and Austria, 1933-1939, According to Destination,
           Yad Vashem

•  Chart: Immigrants Admitted to the U.S. - Fiscal Years 1900-2002, INS

•  Personal Histories: Refugees, USHMM

The Evian Conference

•  The Evian Conference, USHMM

The Kindertransport

•  Kindertransport: 1938-1940, USHMM

•  The Kindertransport Journey: Memory into History, The Kindertransport Association

•  Kindertransport, BBC

•  The Kindertransport, The Wiener Library

•  Kindertransport: Saving the Children, an interactive activity, Moving Here Schools/UK

•  Child Survivors of the Holocaust: Video Testimonies about the Kindertransport, BBC

The Wagner-Rogers Bill

•  The Wagner-Rogers Bill: Debate, A Lesson Plan for Middle & High School Students Learning
          about U.S. Immigration and/or the Holocaust, American Immigration Law Foundation

The St. Louis

•  The Voyage of the St. Louis, USHMM

•  Voyage of the St. Louis, an animated map presentation, USHMM

Ruth Gruber

•  The Story of Ruth Gruber's Rescue of 1000 Refugees, Safe Haven Museum and Rescue
         Center

 

 

WW II and the Invasion of Poland

World War II - General Information

•  World War II and the Holocaust, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  PowerPoint: The Progression of World War II (with audio, click down arrow to progress)

•  World War II in Depth, USHMM

•  World War II History, BBC

•  The Road to War: 1919-1939, historical with photos and broadcast recordings,
        The Authentic History Center

Invasion of Poland

•  Invasion of Poland, Fall 1939, USHMM

•  Nazi Invasion of Poland, Images and Documents from the Harrison Forman Collection,
       University of Wisconsin

•  70 Years Later: Remembering the German Invasion of Poland, a USHMM online exhibition,
       USHMM

•  BBC Radio Broadcast: Chamberlain Declares War on Germany (4:32), BBC

•  Neville Chamberlain, "On the Nazi Invasion of Poland," The History Place/Great Speeches
   Collection

•  Documents Relating to Germany's Invasion of Poland, Yale Law School - Avalon Project

•  Great Britain's Response to Germany's Invasion of Poland, Yale Law School - Avalon Project

•  Photos:  Segregation of Jews in Poland, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Ghettos in Poland, USHMM

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1939 - The War Against the Jews

•  Video: Germany Invades Poland (World War II), (8:04), YouTube
           Taken from the U.S. government film, "The World at War."

•  Video: The German Invasion of Poland, 1939, (10:01) YouTube
           German newsreel with subtitles.

•  Video: Invasion of Poland, 1943 War Department Film by the Signal Corps, YouTube

           (Part 1 of 3, 6:51)

           (Part 2 of 3, 7:26)

           (Part 3 of 3, 5:49)

•  Video: Haya-Lea Detinko (Russia) - Surviving Stalin's Gulag (17:19), Centropa
           Haya-Lea was born in Rovno, Poland.  She grew up in a traditional Jewish family.
           But when the Soviets took eastern Poland in September 1939, she was sentenced to
           hard labor in Siberia.

•  Video: Mieczyslaw Weinryb (Poland) - My Town of Zamosc (7:17), Centropa
           The story of a group of Zionist friends in Zamosc and their fates during - and after -
           the war.

 

 

The Yellow Star

•  Holocaust Badges, Holocaust Memorial Center

•  The Jewish Badge and Armbands 1939-1945, Encyclopaedia Judaica

•  Artifact:  The Yellow Star of David, USHMM

•  The Jewish Badge, Yad Vashem

•  The Yellow Star, about.com

•  Holocaust Badges (pictures), Jewish Virtual Library

•  Light from the Yellow Star by Robert O. Fisch (full text & lessons)

 

 

The Ghettos

•  The Ghettos by Yisrael Gutman, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  The Ghettos, USHMM

•  Types of Ghettos, USHMM

•  Maps: Ghettos of Occupied Europe 1939-1944, USHMM

•  Ghettos, Jewish Virtual Library

•  List of Ghettos, includes location & years in existence

•  The Ghettoization Process, Yad Vashem

•  Jewish Councils and the Issue of Leadership, Yad Vashem

•  Life in the Ghettos, USHMM

•  Children in the Ghetto: An Interactive Website, Yad Vashem

•  Video: Peter Ginz and the Boys of Vedem (19:22), Centropa
           Traces life of Peter Ginz beginning with invasion of Czechoslovakia, his transport
           and life in Theresienstadt, and ultimate death at Auschwitz.

•  The Theresienstadt Ghetto, A Study Guide, American University

•  Lesson Plan: "Compassion within the Ghetto Walls," highlights some of the organizations
          established to coordinate social welfare activities, Grades 7-9, Yad Vashem

•  Spiritual Resistance in the Ghettos, USHMM

•  The Ghettos, from Holocaust: An End to Innocence by Seymour Rossel

•  Other Ghettos, USHMM

        -   Theresienstadt

        -   Bialystok

        -   Vilna

        -   Riga

        -   Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto, a USHMM online exhibition

        -   Video: "Moving into the Krakow Ghetto"

•  Videos: Ghettos, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Testimonies: Ghettos and Deportation, British Library

•  Personal Histories: Ghettos, USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Yisrael Gutman Describes Ghetto and Death Camp
           (2:15), Yad Vashem/YouTube

        

 

Warsaw Ghetto

•  Warsaw Ghetto, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Warsaw, USHMM

•  Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Video: "Daily Life in the Warsaw Ghetto" (1:24), USHMM

•  Time Capsule in a Milk Can: Emanuel Ringelblum and the Milk Can Archives of the Warsaw
          Ghetto, a USHMM learning guide

•  Video: "Oneg Shabbat: Emanuel Ringelblum's Underground Archive in the Warsaw Ghetto"
           (8:47), Yad Vashem

•  The Ghettos, aish.com

•  Photographs from the Warsaw Ghetto, Yad Vashem

•  Spiritual, Educational & Physical Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto, A Six Day Lesson Plan
         for Middle School, Sol A. Factor, Cleveland Heights High School

•  Beit Lohamei Haghetaot - The Ghetto Fighters' House Museum

•  Dignity & Defiance: The Confrontation of Life and Death in the Warsaw Ghetto, an online
         exhibition, Simon Wiesenthal Center

•  The Stroop Report: The Warsaw Ghetto is No More, The Holocaust History Project

•  Personal Histories: Holocaust Survivor Yosef Charny Describes Starvation in the Warsaw
         Ghetto (1:25), Yad Vashem/YouTube

• Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Halina Birenbaum, Masha Putermilch, and Yosef          Charny Describe the Mass Deportation from the Warsaw Ghetto (4:14), Yad          Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Marcel Reich-Ranicki Describes the Cultural Life
         in the Warsaw Ghetto (3:02), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Videos: Warsaw Ghetto, Steven Spielberg Film & Video Archive, USHMM

 

 

Lodz Ghetto

•  Lodz, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Lodz, USHMM

•  Youth Groups in the Lodz Ghetto, Yad Vashem

•  Give Me Your Children: Voices from the Lodz Ghetto, a USHMM Online Exhibition

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1940 - Machinery of Hatred

•  Video: "Voices from the Lodz Ghetto" (4:09), USHMM

•  Video: "Lodz Ghetto" (1:33), USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies:  Holocaust Survivors Describe Daily Life in the Lodz Ghetto (4:42),
         Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

The War in the West

•  German Rule in Occupied Europe, USHMM

•  Jews in Occupied Countries, Jewish Virtual Library

•  The German Invasion of Western Europe, USHMM

        - Denmark, USHMM

        - Denmark, Personal Stories, USHMM

        - Norway, USHMM

        - Norway: Historical Film Footage, USHMM

        - The Netherlands, USHMM

        - The Netherlands, Personal Stories, USHMM

        - Belgium, USHMM

        - Belgium, Historical Film Footage, USHMM

        - France, USHMM

        - Animated Map:  The Fall of France (Dunkirk), BBC

•  The War in the West, The National Archives Learning Curve/UK

•  The Vichy Police on Jewish Deportation, BBC

•  Dunkirk, The Imperial War Museum

•  Churchill and the Holocaust by Sir Martin Gilbert, BBC

•  The Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force

•  The Battle of Britain, BBC

•  The Battle of Britain, The Imperial War Museum

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe the Nazi Occupation of the Netherlands
        (3:38), Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

The War in the East

•  The War in the East, The National Archives Learning Curve/UK

•  Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941, USHMM

•  Vyacheslav Molotov, "The Nazi Invasion of Russia," The History Place/Great Speeches
   Collection

•  Animated Map: World War II, 1941-42: The War Goes Global, The Map as History

•  Kiev and Babi Yar, USHMM

•  Einsatzgruppen (Mobile Killing Units), USHMM

•  Einsatzgruppen and other SS and Police Units in the Soviet Union, USHMM

•  Film: "Einsatzgruppen in Latvia" (1:42), USHMM

•  Einsatzgruppen, Jewish Virtual Library

•  An Introduction to the Einsatzgruppen, essay by Yale F. Edeiken

•  Account of Holocaust Mass Shooting, Hermann Friedrich Graebe,1942, Modern History         Sourcebook

•  The Jaeger Report: A Chronicle of Nazi Mass Murder: One Unit, One Area, Five Months -
        and 137,000 Victims, The Holocaust History Project

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

       1941 - Mass Murder

•  The Untold Stories: The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former
        USSR, a Yad Vashem online exhibit.

•  Video: "Hitler-Mussolini on the Eastern Front" (13 min., silent), Steven Spielberg Jewish Film         Archive

•  Video: Ukrainian artist, winner of Ukraine's version of "America's Got Talent," uses a giant
        light box and "sand painting" to interpret Germany's invasion of occupation of Ukraine
        during World War II (8:33), Huffington Post

•  Video: A Deadly Secret, the story of Alex Kurzem from Koidanov, USSR, a young Jewish boy
         taken in as a Nazi mascot (11:05), CBS 60 Minutes/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Shalom Shorenson Describes the Murder of Jews
         Ponar (3:23), Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

The War in the South

•  The War in the Mediterranean & North Africa, The National Archives Learning Curve/UK

•  Axis Alliance in World War II, USHMM

•  World War II in Europe, USHMM

•  Sephardic Jews During the Holocaust, USHMM

Greece

•  Traces of History: The Jewish Community in Salonika, Greece, Yad Vashem

•  The Holocaust in Greece, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Greece, USHMM

•  "For That, It Deserves a Prize" - The Story of a Two-Thousand Year Old Jewish Community
         in Ioannina, Greece, Yad Vashem

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Yaacov Handali Describes Deportation from Greece
         (2:50), Yad Vashem/YouTube

Yugoslavia

•  Yugoslavia, USHMM

•  Yugoslavia, Personal Stories, USHMM

Romania

•  Romania, USHMM

•  Romania, Personal Stories,USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Ester Gebelman Describes the Killing Site
         Bogdanovka in Romania (3:49), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Video: Laszlo Nussbaum (Romania)- Europe Without Borders (4:15), Centropa
         A family story of changing borders and stubborn optimism.

•  Video: Julia Scheiner (Romania)- Love on a Motorcycle (4:22), Centropa
         A postwar story of love, dignity and hope, set in the Transylvanian city of Targu Mures.

Hungary

•  Hungary before the German Occupation, USHMM

•  Video: Introduction on Hungarian Jewish History, (7:06), Centropa
         A short film on Hungary and its Jews in the 20th century.

•  Hungary after the German Occupation, USHMM

•  Hungary after the German Occupation, Personal Stories, USHMM

•  Video: Miklos Braun (Hungary) - The Wedding Photo (3:29), Centropa
         The gripping story of Miklos Braun, who fell in love with Vera Wexler. They married
         during the war, but then Miklos was taken to forced labor.

•  Video: Ernest Galpert (Hungary) - Growing up Religious (4:54), Centropa
          Ernest Galpert grew up in Mukacevo (or Munkacs, in Hungarian), a city with one of the
          most colorful Jewish histories in Central Europe.

•  Video: Piroska Hamos (Hungary) - Life on the Danube (5:30), Centropa
          Piroska Hamos tells a story of her boating club in pre-war Hungary, of summers along
          the Danube, and raising her family. Then war came.

•  Video: Judit Kinszki (Hungary) - Love on a Paper Airplane (5:26), Centropa
          Ilona Gardonyi was sitting at her desk when a paper airplane flew onto it. A note read,
          "Please meet me after work," and it was sent by the very shy Imre Kinszki...

•  Video: Panni Koltai (Hungary) - 3 Generations, 6 Weddings (3:46), Centropa
           Panni Koltai was born in 1915 as the fourth girl in the Family of Ferenc Fridemann, a
           gentleman's tailor in the small town of Eger in Norther Hungary.

•  Video: Mariann Szamosi (Hungary) - The Women who Taught Me Everything (4:49), Centropa
           The story of an assimilated, well-to-do Jewish family living in Nagykoros, when Mariann's
            father lost his business.

Bulgaria

•  Bulgaria, USHMM

•  Bulgaria, Personal Stories, USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Describes the Rescue of Bulgarian Jewry (2:12),
         Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Video: The History of Bulgarian Jewry During the Holocaust (11:01), Centropa
          Was Bulgarian Jewry rescued during the Holocaust? Some say emphatically not.
          Others say yes.

•  Video: Matilda Albuhaire (Bulgaria) - A Sephardic Family Story (11:33), Centropa
           A Sephardic tale that takes us from Istanbul to Sofia.

•  Video: Larry and Rosa Anzhel (Bulgaria) (10:40), Centropa
           A Sephardic love story that takes us into Bulgaria during World War II.

•  Video: Leontina Arditi (Bulgaria) - A Sephardic Family Story (11:33), Centropa
           Leontina Arditi's film of growing up in a poor Sephardic family in Sofia takes us inside
           a world now lost to us.

Albania

•  Where Religious Prejudice and Hate did not Exist: The Jews in Albania, Yad Vashem

•  Besa: A Code of Honor, Muslim Albanians who Rescued Jews During the Holocaust,
         Yad Vashem

Italy

•  Italy, USHMM

•  Italy, Personal Stories, USHMM

 

 

The Wannsee Conference

•  Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution, USHMM

•  House of Wannsee Conference: Memorial and Educational Site

•  Wannsee Protocol, January 20, 1942, The Avalon Project, Yale Law School

•  Video: "The House of the Wannsee Conference" (8:42), USHMM/YouTube

 

 

The Final Solution

•  Final Solution: Overview, USHMM

•  Final Solution, USHMM

•  The Final Solution, Jewish Virtual Library

•  When Did Hitler Decide on the Final Solution?, an essay by Gord McFee

•  The Final Solution, Ben S. Austin, Sociology, Middle Tennessee State University

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1942 - The "Final Solution"

•  Animated Map: The Final Solution, The Map as History

•  Video: Heinrich Himmler's speech to the SS at Poznan about the ongoing extermination
          of the Jewish people.

Deportations

•  Deportations by Christopher R. Browning, Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center

•  The European Rail System, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Video "Holocaust Survivor Describes Escape from Cattle Car" (2:55), Yad Vashem

•  Lesson Plan:  "Written in Pencil in the Sealed Freightcar" - A Poem by Dan Pagis,
        Yad Vashem

•  Lesson Plan:  "The Transport," Yad Vashem

•  Uprooting and Deportation, Yad Vashem

•  The Trains, aish.com

•  Everyday Objects/Enduring Legacies: Desperate Note, USHMM,
        Letter written by Otto Simmonds from the railroad car deporting him to Auschwitz from
        the camp of Drancy in France
•  Video: Toyland (14:03), YouTube/San Francisco Jewish Film Festival
        1942: What happens when a German kid believes that his Jewish neighbors are going to
        Toyland?  2009 Academy Award Winner for Best Live Action Short Film.

•  Personal Histories: Deportations, USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe Deportations from Cracow, Poland (3:41),
        Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe Deportations from Hungary (3:24),
         Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Rita Weiss Describes Deportation to the Camps
         (2:33), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Halina Birenbaum, Masha Putermilch, and Yosef
        Charny Describe the Mass Deportation from the Warsaw Ghetto (4:14),
        Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

The Camps

•  Nazi Camps, USHMM

        - Concentration Camps, 1933-1939

        - Concentration Camps, 1939-1942

        - Concentration Camps, 1942-1945

•  Concentration Camp System: In Depth, USHMM

•  Killing Centers: Overview, USHMM

•  Concentration Camps, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Interactive Map showing Camps with pronunciation and brief description, A Teacher's Guide to

         the Holocaust

•  Chronology of the Nazi Camp System 1933-1945, Holocaust Memorial Center

•  A Short History of the German Camp System, slide presentation by Henry Friedlander

•  Interactive Map: Main Nazi Camps and Killing Sites, Yad Vashem

•  Concentration Camp Listing with Links, Jewish Virtual Library

•  List of Nazi Concentration Camps During the Holocaust (with subcamps), Holocaust Center
         of Northern California

•  Holocaust Memorials, Topography of Terror Foundation, Berlin
         By country, a listing and brief description of monuments, memorial sites and museums that
         commemorate the victims of Nazi Germany. Included with each listing is brief historical
         information, description of activities, contact address and directions to the site.

•  Classification System in Nazi Concentration Camps, USHMM

•  Forced Labor: Overview, USHMM

•  Labor and Forced Labor Camps, Yad Vashem

•  The Prisoner's World, Yad Vashem

•  Articles About Different Camps, USHMM

•  Videos: Concentration Camps, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Images and Art from the Camps, remember.org

•  Virtual Reality Movies of the Camps as They are Today, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Survivor Testimonies: The Camps, British Library

•  Personal Histories: Camps, USHMM             

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Rita Weiss Describes Daily Life in the Concentration
       Camps (2:33), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Survivor Walter Zwi Bacharach Describes Hunger in the Camps (1:13),
       Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Survivor Shimon Srebrnik Describes Chelmno (4:17),
        Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: Survivors Describe Slave Labor in the Camps(4:08),
        Yad Vashem/YouTube          

 

Operation Reinhard Camps

•  Operation Reinhard, USHMM

•  Personal Stories, Operation Reinhard, USHMM

•  Killing Centers: Overview, USHMM

•  "The Operation Reinhard Extermination Camps," essay by Gord McFee

Belzec

•  Belzec, USHMM

•  Belzec Chronology, USHMM

•  The Reconstruction of Belzec, The Holocaust History Project

•  Personal Stories: Belzec, USHMM

Sobibor

•  Sobibor, USHMM

•  Sobibor Chronology, USHMM

•  Personal Stories: Sobibor, USHMM

Treblinka

•  Treblinka, USHMM

•  Treblinka Chronology, USHMM

•  The Reconstruction of Treblinka, The Holocaust History Project

•  Stroop on Treblinka, The Holocaust History Project

•  Personal Stories: Treblinka, USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivor Eliahu Rosenberg Describes Treblinka Death Camp
          (5:34), Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  "Final Destination Treblinka," essay by Stephen Potyondi

•  "Uprising in Treblinka," essay by Samuel Rajzman

 

 

Auschwitz

Jewish Life in Oswiecim Before the War

•  Auschwitz Jewish Center

•  Oshpitzin (the name the Jews of Oswiecim called their town)- Explore a virtual map of
         Oswiecim and a Guidebook to pre-war Jewish life, Auschwitz Jewish Center

•  Video: "Oshpitsin. Save from Oblivion." (37:00), a history of Jewish life in Oswiecim. Auschwitz
         Jewish Center

Auschwitz, The Camp

•  Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum

•  Auschwitz, USHMM

•  Auschwitz, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Interactive Map of Auschwitz, BBC

•  The Auschwitz Album, Yad Vashem

•  Lesson Plan: Learning and Remembering About Auschwitz-Birkenau, Grades 10-12,
         (1.5-2.0 hours), Yad Vashem

•  Auschwitz Through the Lens of the SS: Photos of Nazi Leadership at the Camp,

         a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Rudolf Höss: Commandant of Auschwitz, BBC

•  Video: Architecture of Murder-the Auschwitz-Birkenau Blueprints (7:08),
         Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Auschwitz: Guide to Krema IV Images, The Nizkor Project

•  Auschwitz: Place of Evil, an online exhibit, Spiegel Online

•  Auschwitz: Then and Now, an online exhibit, remember.org

•  Auschwitz-Birkenau, Current Photos, remember.org & Alan Jacobs

•  Virtual Tour of Auschwitz, The State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau

•  Liberation of Auschwitz, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Escapees from Auschwitz/The Weczler-Vrba Report, remember.org

•  Exposing Auschwitz: The Vrba Report, aish.com

•  Music in Auschwitz, Northwestern University, Mary & Leigh Block Museum of Art

•  "The Last Expression: Art and Auschwitz," Northwestern University, Mary & Leigh Block         
          Museum of Art

•  Video:  Footprints/Discovering the Holocaust Through Artifacts (8:25), Institute for
          Education/University of London
          Lesson on examining a child's shoe to tell a story.

Videos

•  Video: "A Computer Walk-Thru Crematorium II at Auschwitz-Birkenau" (3:06), YouTube

•  Video: "The Auschwitz II-Birkenau Sonderkommando" (24 min.), USC Shoah Foundation        
          Institute

•  Video: "Surviving Auschwitz II-Birkenau" (33 min.), USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Video:  "Encountering Auschwitz" (10 min.), USHMM

•  Video: "Liberation of Auschwitz" (2:11), USHMM

•  Videos: Auschwitz, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

Testimony

•  Testimonies: Surviving Auschwitz II-Birkenau, USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Surviving Auschwitz - Five Personal Journeys, an online exhibit with testimonies,
          USC Shoah Foundation

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe Selection in Auschwitz (4:53),
          Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Radio Broadcast:  Marianne Grant tells how she was forced to paint for Dr. Josef Megele
           in Auschwitz (58:00), BBC

Other Camps

Bergen-Belsen

• The Holocaust and Bergen-Belsen, The Imperial War Museum

•  Radio Broadcast: Richard Dimbleby describes Bergen-Belsen Shortly after Liberation (11:52),
        BBC

• Radio Broadcast: Patrick Gordon Walker - Belsen Facts and Thoughts (13:53), BBC

• Radio Broadcast: Harold Osmond Le Druillenec, the only Briton found alive in Belsen describes
       his experience (2:00), BBC

• Radio Broadcast: Helen Bamber shares her memories as a volunteer helping the victims of Bergen-Belsen (26:52), BBC

Buchenwald

•  Buchenwald Concentration Camp, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Buchenwald, A Photo History of the Camp, The Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora
         Memorials Foundation

•  Videos: Buchenwald, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Radio Broadcast:  Buchenwald Concentration Camp-Seven Days after Liberation the Horrors
         are Made Known (11:36), BBC

Dachau

•  Dachau, USHMM

•  Dachau, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Dachau, Historical Film Footage, USHMM

•  Videos: Dachau, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Dachau Timeline, USHMM

•  Personal Stories, Dachau, USHMM

 

Mauthausen

•  Mauthausen Memorial

Terezin

•  Video:  CBS News - Nazi Ruse Covered Up Holocaust (11:52)

•  Third Reich Videos, includes The Fuehrer Gives the Jews a City

•  Video: Peter Ginz and the Boys of Vedem (19:22), Centropa
           Traces life of Peter Ginz beginning with invasion of Czechoslovakia, his transport
           and life in Theresienstadt, and ultimate death at Auschwitz.

•  The Theresienstadt Ghetto, A Study Guide, American University

 

 

The Final Stages of War

•  The Death Marches, Yad Vashem

•  Death Marches, USHMM

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1944 - Desperate Acts

•  Video: "The Auschwitz Bombing Controversy in Context" (17:00), Dr. David Silberklang,
          Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies: The Death Marches, USHMM

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe the Death Marches (2:57), Yad           Vashem/YouTube

•  Hitler's Bunker, an animated map, Spiegel Online

•  The Aftermath of the Holocaust, USHMM

•  Animated Map: The Aftermath of the Holocaust, USHMM

•  Chart: Estimated Casualties During WWII (including Jews) by Country, Yad Vashem

•  Chart: Estimated Losses to Eastern European Jewry, Yad Vashem

•  Chart: Jewish Victims During the Holocaust - Western Europe & No. Africa, Yad Vashem

 

 

Liberation

•  Liberation, USHMM

•  Liberation of Nazi Camps, USHMM

•  Liberators, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Liberators, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Liberation, an online exhibit, USHMM

•  Liberation, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  After Liberation, Yad Vashem

•  Personal Histories: Liberation, USHMM

•  Liberation & Survival Lesson Plan, Grades 7-9 (1-2 hrs.), Yad Vashem

•  Everyday Objects/Enduring Legacies: Monkey Puppet, USHMM,
      Pfc. Eldon Nicholas of the U.S. army used this monkey puppet to entertain children at the
      Vittel internment camp in France shortly after it was liberated.

•  Buchenwald and Beyond: Members of the U.S. Army 120th Evac Hospital

•  Buchenwald Concentration Camp Prisoners Identified, famous liberation photo with fate of
          some of the survivors

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1945 - Liberation and Rebuilding

•  1945 BBC Broadcast from liberated Bergen-Belsen, surviving prisoners sing "Hatikva"
          (the Hope), which became Israel's National Anthem

•  Helping the Survivors - The British, The Wiener Library

•  Radio Broadcast: Captive Children - Red Cross Appeal Seeking Relatives of Liberated
          Children (4:57), BBC

•  Video: "Documenting the Path of American Liberators," USHMM /Teacher Tube

          - Part 1 (7:29)

          - Part 2 (7:49)

          - Part 3 (7:30)

          - Part 4 (8:44)

•  Testimonies:  "Liberators Tell their Stories," USHMM/YouTube

•  Testimonies: "Stories of Liberation," USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Testimonies: Liberation, British Library

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe the Anguish of Liberation (4:23),
          Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Survivor Testimonies - Liberation, The 1939 Club

•  Videos: Atrocities, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

 

 

Displaced Persons

•  Displaced Persons, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Displaced Persons Camps, Yad Vashem

•  Displaced Persons, USHMM

•  The Aftermath of the Holocaust, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  "Life Reborn: Jewish Displaced Persons, 1945-1951," an online exhibit, USHMM

•  Video: Where is the Village? / Vi iz dus geseleh? (4:16), Popular singer Jay Black's recording
          of a popular Yiddish song, set to the visuals of Chagall paintings, offers a sentimental
          glimpse of the Jewish villages lost during the Holocaust.

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe Life in the DP Camps (4:35),
          Yad Vashem/YouTube

•  Videos: Displaced Persons, Steven Spielberg Film & Video Archive, USHMM

 

 

War Crime Trials

•  The Nuremberg Trials and Their Legacy, USHMM

•  War Crime Trials, USHMM

•  Post-War Trials, The Wiener Library

•  Nuremberg Trials, Library of Congress

•  The Nuremberg Trials Project, Harvard University

•  The International Military Tribunal for Germany, Yale Law School: Avalon Project

•  Nuremberg Trials, ADL Dimensions Online

•  International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, USHMM

•  Everyday Objects/Enduring Legacies: Headphones, USHMM,
       Albert Speer used these headphones to listen as the International Military Tribunal
       prosecuted him

•  Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings, USHMM

•  The Doctor Trials, USHMM

•  The Search for Perpetrators, USHMM

•  Rudolf Hoess, Commandant of Auschwitz: Testimony at Nuremberg, 1946,
          Modern History Sourcebook

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          1946 - The Pursuit of Justice

•  Videos: Nuremberg Trials, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, USHMM

•  Video: Justice and Accountability After the Holocaust (10:14), USHMM 

The Eichmann Trial

•  Eichmann Trial, USHMM

•  Adolf Eichmann, The Nizkor Project

•  The Eichmann Trial: Introduction and Suggestions for Classroom Use, Yad Vashem

•  Fifty Years Since the Eichmann Trial, based on a lecture given by Professor Chana Yablonka
          at Yad Vashem on January 25, 2011

•  Marking 50 Years Since the Eichmann Trial, A Living Record, Yad Vashem

•  Video: The Eichmann Trial (1:01:57), Yad Vashem/YouTube
          Actual footage of the trial held in Jerusalem.

•  Video: The Eichmann Trial, Steven Spielberg Film & Video Archive, USHMM

•  Video: Justice and Accountability After the Holocaust (10:14), USHMM 

 

Denazification

•  Denazification, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Denazification, Yad Vashem

•  Denazification of Germany, USHMM

•  The Nuremberg Trials and Denazification, German Culture

•  The Re-Education of the German People, St. Louis Community College

•  Denazification, Cumulative Review. Report, 1 April 1947 - 30 April 1948,
        U.S. Office of Military Government for Germany

•  Photo: eliminating Nazi names from public places, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

•  Poster used by U.S. Forces to impose collective guilt, Imperial War Museum

•  Video: Nuremberg - Denazification and Nazi Trials (2:30),
        YouTube:The Robert H. Jackson Center

 

America & the Holocaust

•  The United States and the Holocaust, USHMM

•  United States Policy and its Impact on European Jews, USHMM

•  United States Policy Toward Jewish Refugees, 1941-1952, USHMM

•  The Wagner-Rogers Bill: Debate, A lesson Plan for Middle & High School Students Learning
          about U.S. Immigration and/or the Holocaust, American Immigration Law Foundation

•  They Spoke Out: Peter Bergson, The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies

•  What We Knew and When We Knew It, Jewish Virtual Library

•  How America Learned of the Holocaust, The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies

•  News Regarding the Holocaust, Yad Vashem

•  Radio Broadcast: The Mysterious Stranger - The Story of Edward Shulte, a German industrialist
          who in 1942 warned the Allies about the Final Solution (44:6), BBC

•  The Political Dr. Seuss: Learn More, PBS

        - Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartons by Dr. Seuss,
                    Mandeville Special Collections Library

        - "The Gallery," PBS

•  Video: "Holocaust: The Untold Story," Newseum

•  "The Allies and the Holocaust" by Dr. David Silberklang, Yad Vashem International Institute
          for Holocaust Research

•  The Story of the One Thousand Children, One Thousand Children, Inc.

•  A Guide to The American Experience Documentary, "America and the Holocaust: Deceit
          and Indifference, Facing History & Ourselves

•  Video: "The First Jewish Broadcast on Nazi Soil, October 1944" (5:44), infolive.tv

•  The Story of Ruth Gruber's Rescue of 1000 Refugees, Safe Haven Museum and Rescue
          Center

•  American Victims, Jewish Virtual Library

 

 

Resistance

•  Resistance During the Holocaust, a USHMM publication

•  Resistance, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Resisters, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Background: Resistance, British Library

•  Holocaust and Resistance, a Lesson Plan, National Endowment for the Humanities

•  Testimonies: Resistance, USHMM

•  Testimonies: Resistance, British Library

•  Survivor Testimonies: Survivors Describe the Underground in France and Hungary (4:05),
           Yad Vashem/YouTube

Jewish Resistance

•  Jewish Resistance, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  Jewish Resistance, USHMM

•  Jewish Soldiers in Allied Forces, Yad Vashem

Non-Jewish Resistance

•  Non-Jewish Resistance, USHMM

•  Non-Jewish Resistance, Overview, USHMM

•  Internal Resistance to the Nazi Regime, casahistoria

•  The Rosenstrasse Protest, USHMM

•  Testimonies: Fritz Gluckstein and the Rosenstrasse Protest, USHMM

•  Dietrich Bonhoeffer, An Online Exhibit, USHMM

•  The White Rose, Spartacus Educational (UK)

•  White Rose, USHMM

•  Memories of the White Rose by George J. Wittenstein, M.D., The History Place

Resistance in the Ghettos

•  Spiritual Resistance in the Ghettos, USHMM

•  Resistance in the Ghettos, Yad Vashem

•  "Let the World Read and Know," Witness to the Holocaust - The Oneg Shabbat Archives,
          An Online Exhibit, Yad Vashem

•  Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, a USHMM online exhibition, USHMM

•  Video: "The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: (30 min.), USC Shoah Foundation Institute

Resistance in the Camps

•  Resistance in the Death Camps, Yad Vashem

•  Video: "The Sobibor Uprising" (28 min.), USC Shoah Foundation Institute

•  Uprising in Treblinka, The Holocaust History Project

Partisans

•  Armed Jewish Resistance: Partisans, USHMM

•  Partisans, Yad Vashem

•  Jewish Partisans, Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation

         - The Bielski Partisans and the Movie, Defiance

•  Video: The Bielski Brothers: An Introduction (6:45), Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation

•  Survivor Testimonies: Holocaust Survivors Describe the Life of a Partisan (1:15),
          Yad Vashem/YouTube

 

 

Rescue

•  Rescuers, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Rescuers, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Rescue, an animated map presentation, USHMM

•  About the Righteous, Yad Vashem

•  "To Save One Life: The Story of Righteous Gentiles," Holocaust Resource Center & Archives,
           Queensborough Community College

•  Rescuer Stories by Country, Jewish Foundation for the Righteous

•  "Traits that Transcend," a Poster Set on Rescue, Jewish Foundation for the Righteous 

•  "Traits that Transcend," a Curriculum Framework created by the BHEC

•  "Flickers of Light: The Stories of Six Righteous Among the Nations in Auschwitz,"  Yad Vashem

•  The Righteous Among the Nations, Featured Stories, Yad Vashem

•  Video: Dr. Susanna Kokkonen, Director, Christian Friends of Yad Vashem, speaking at Temple
    Emanu-El in Birmingham, February 2012, The Righteous Among the Nations, Moral Choices
    Under Tyranny and Death (38:45)

•  Video:  Porcelain Unicorn (3:02)

Denmark

•  The Rescue of the Jews of Denmark, a USHMM online exhibition

•  Denmark, Personal Stories, USHMM

•  "Rescue in October...the Rescue of the Danish Jews," a Unit of Study,
           Jewish Foundation for the Righteous

Zegota

•  "Zegota - Council for Aid to Jews," a Unit of Study, Jewish Foundation for the Righteous

•  Irena's Children, the Story of Irena Sendler's Rescue Efforts by Gavriel Horan

Chiune Sugihara

•  "Visas for Life: The Remarkable Story of Chiune & Yukiko Sugihara and the Rescue of
          Thousands of Jews, Simon Wiesenthal Center

Aristides De Sousa Mendes

•  The Insubordinate Consul, Aristides De Sousa Mendes, Yad Vashem

•  Sousa Mendes Foundation

Muslim Albanians

•  Besa: A Code of Honor, Muslim Albanians who Rescued Jews During the Holocaust,
         Yad Vashem

Nicholas Winton

•  Nicholas Winton and the Rescue of Children from Czechoslovakia, 1938-1938, USHMM

•  "Nicholas Winton, The Power of Good," support for the film, Gelman Educational Foundation

•  Nicholas Winton, includes short video (1:39) of reunion with those he saved.

The Leica Freedom Train

•  The Leica Freedom Train, aish.com

 

 

Memorials

•  Video: Why We Remember the Holocaust (8:54), USHMM

•  Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, Jerusalem

•  U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

•  U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, YouTube Video (1:24)

•  Camp Memorials, A-M, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Camp Memorials, N-Z, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Other Memorials, A-B, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Other Memorials, C-Z, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

•  Holocaust Memorials, University of Minnesota, Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies

•  The Holocaust Chronicle:

          Epilogue: The Aftermath

 

 

 

Holocaust Denial

•  Holocaust Denial on Trial: Using History to Confront Distortions, Emory University

•  Holocaust Denial, Jewish Virtual Library

•  Deborah Lipstadt's Blog, Emory University

•  Voices on Antisemitism: Deborah Lipstadt - A Podcast, March 14, 2007, USHMM

•  Denying the Holocaust by Deborah Lipstadt, BBC

•  Holocaust Deniers and Public Misinformation, USHMM

•  Combating Holocaust Denial: Origins of Holocaust Denial, USHMM

•  Holocaust Denial, a USHMM Special Focus

•  United Nations Press Release: General Assembly adopts resolution condemning any denial
            of the Holocaust (2007)

 

 

Page last updated:  May 11, 2012